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Showing posts with label Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Show all posts

Monday, August 12, 2013

August Joys

Amir Zia
The News
Monday, August 12, 2013 

There are countless such similar small and big heart-warming real-life tales that explain the meaning and spirit of Pakistan. The country’s ingredients have it all. Let’s revive that spirit and make ourselves worthy of Pakistan, which is our past, present and the future.

The month of August often makes the weather in Karachi lovely. The long spell of oppressive summer heat and humidity usually takes a break somewhere in early or mid-July. Come August and we usually have the proverbial dark clouds hovering in the Karachi skies.
Sometimes, it rains, inundating roads and entire neighbourhoods – as just happened in the recent bout of downpour. But usually, it is just cloudy weather coupled with Karachi’s trademark strong sea breeze, which always makes its evenings so lovely and delightful.
Unlike Europe, where people celebrate sunshine and its magic, in our part of the world all merriment and joy comes with clouds, breeze and rain. They invite and entice many youngsters – and the young at heart – to come out of their homes and enjoy. Street cricket blooms. Families and groups of friends head towards the seafront. Many youngsters remove the silencers of their motorbikes and in droves test their luck as they race around the traffic-choked roads, showing off their skills of one-wheeling, hand-free driving and carrying out other dangerous antics.
The less adventurous souls head to open-air eateries, roadside tea dhaabas or just sit and relax wherever they find an open space. It could be a few of the grassy traffic roundabouts, parks and playgrounds left in the city or just at the corner of some street. This is our typical resilient, courageous Karachi, where the pulse of life keeps beating despite all the killings, crime, chaos, disorder and lawlessness.
During my school days, when Karachi was a much gentler and milder city, getting ‘rented’ bicycles in this kind of weather used to be a huge treat for many of us who couldn’t afford the luxury of owning one. Come clouds or rain, wind or rainwater puddles, we paddled for the sake of paddling from one neighbourhood to another and sometimes to the Clifton Beach. It was pure, simple joy.
At our beloved University of Karachi, the cloudy weather invited some bohemians like me to skip classes and sometimes even semester exams. A small group of boys and girls occasionally slipped to the wilderness of the nearby Safari Park. For some of our companions, it used to be a fairly long walk from the varsity’s Arts Lobby to our favourite hilltop in Safari Park – but the effort was worth it.
There would always first be a debate on whether to take a rickety university bus, called ‘point’, or walk to our destination. Often those addicted to ‘walking’ managed to charm and dictate the majority. The escape from the university was necessary as our ‘friends’ in the stick- and gun-wielding moral brigade of the Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba never liked the way we appreciated the weather. And for peace-lovers like us, avoiding conflict was a preferred choice in our own ‘enlightened self-interest.’
All we needed to celebrate were a few cigarettes in our pockets that we shared to intensify the pleasure of discussion. Plain-living and high-thinking used to be the motto. A cup of tea and the aroma of freshly-lit tobacco was all we needed to be happy.
The month of August also brings Independence Day celebrations. This is the time to hoist the national flag. From an owner of a donkey cart to a plush car, most Pakistanis carry their hearts on their sleeves during this month, proudly waving the crescent-and-star flag on their vehicles and on the rooftops of their huts, houses and office buildings. It is the time when, for a brief period, there appears a rare sense of comradeship, unity and bond among many of the dwellers of this city regardless of their ethnicity, sect, beliefs or political affiliation.
During Independence Day celebrations they become one. The same way they unite while celebrating a cricket match victory – especially against India. (Once hockey used to ignite such passion and fervour.) The same sense of togetherness and oneness that we observe when Pakistan rises to the challenge of some natural calamity – be it an earthquake or floods. These are the occasions that revive and rekindle ones belief in Pakistan and Pakistanis.
And then the ultimate question hits you: why do these same people – who display such charity, benevolence and heroism when the chips are down – stand so fractured, divided and at loggerheads with one another? The failure, perhaps, is of our leadership – political, military and religious – and, of course, the so-called opinion-makers. Whenever you press the right chords of Pakistanis, they respond with passion and a sense of purpose.
But let’s keep the hard and harsh realities of today’s Pakistan aside for a while. This is not escapism, but perhaps not every moment is a moment of self-flagellation. One challenges and defies adverse circumstances by talking of hope and focusing on strengths and positives. And the month of August gives us this opportunity – moments to reflect, ponder, and celebrate.
Like me, there are many simple, ordinary Pakistanis who associate August and Independence Day celebrations with fine cloudy weather and a sense of festivity. It’s the time to sing the national anthem and other patriotic songs with passion as we used to once in our schools and mohallas. (Today, I hear some so-called elite schools in Karachi – on the other side of the bridge – have altogether banned the national anthem. But perhaps this is a matter one should discuss at some other time).
As a child and then as a teenager in Karachi, August 14 meant the neighbourhood people – young and old – coming together to decorate their street or compound of flats with strings of colourful paper and national flags and buntings. There used to be sports events in the morning and those more organised even held music programmes in the evening. And all this was made possible through small donations collected by knocking at every neighbourhood door. But that was a politically apolitical activity carried without the patronage of any party, committee or group. It was the community at work – every paisa accounted for. It was different from the modern-day donation collection by the political and religious mafias, which Karachiites call bhatta.
The generation that participated in and saw the Pakistan Movement as young men and women were still around and in command in the 1970s and 1980s. One could still hear the firsthand accounts of the brutalities and trauma of Partition. You would hear long discussions on how the British manipulated the boundaries in favour of India through the Radcliffe Award and Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah got his moth-eaten Pakistan. How overnight ‘the Muslim-majority Gurdaspur’ where Pakistani flags fluttered on August 14, 1947 was given to India and it found a passage to the Himalayan region of Kashmir.
They used to narrate endless accounts of how youngsters from Aligarh University and its affiliate institutions fanned out in the Muslim-majority provinces of British India to mobilise Muslims to vote for Pakistan in the 1946 elections. The stories of heroes of the freedom movement – from Maulana Hasrat Mohani to Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Sir Mohammed Iqbal to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan – brought sparkle and pride in the eyes of many, who revered them with their hearts and souls. First-hand accounts, legends and even myths about those incorruptible dreamers and fighters who made Pakistan a reality were still in vogue.
My father, who travelled on board a ship from Bombay to Karachi as a teenager in 1947 along with his younger sister found helping hands from fellow Punjabi travellers, who put up a shelter on the open deck using blankets to save them from the scorching sun. On arrival at Karachi’s City Station, a roadside Sindhi hotelier refused to accept money for the food he served from these new immigrants.
There are countless such similar small and big heart-warming real-life tales that explain the meaning and spirit of Pakistan. The country’s ingredients have it all. Let’s revive that spirit and make ourselves worthy of Pakistan, which is our past, present and the future. A Happy Independence Day in advance.

Wednesday, July 18, 2012

Reckoning With The Past

By Amir Zia
The News
July 18, 2012

Even the generation which witnessed the demise of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s Pakistan, largely sees the East Pakistan debacle in over-simplistic terms

Despite the symbolic references to the fall of Dhaka and secession of East Pakistan in our everyday politics, the tragedy appears to mean little, at least for the generation that grew up in the post-1971 days. There is a general apathy and lack of understanding towards this dark episode of history in the younger generation-thanks to the way we teach history at our educational institutions – though many politicians keep claiming that a former “East Pakistan-like situation” prevails in parts of today’s Pakistan, in quite an exaggerated and senseless manner.

Even the generation which witnessed the demise of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s Pakistan, largely sees the East Pakistan debacle in over-simplistic terms. Barring a handful of experts and historians, the popular rightwing view blames the “Indian conspiracy and treachery of Bengalis” for the catastrophe. Or it is the self-flagellation by many liberals and left-wingers, who in line with the propaganda of Indian and Bangladeshi governments, accuse the Pakistan army of mass genocide and rape during the last days of united Pakistan.
Fortunately, most of these allegations have been put to rest by independent historians and researchers, including by Indian scholar Sarmila Bose’s landmark book Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War, in which she says that many “facts” were “exaggerated, fabricated, distorted or concealed” by the Indian and Bangladeshi governments. While the Indian and Bangladeshi narrative put the death toll in 1971 civil war at around 3.0 million, Bose estimates it at around 100,000 people. The 100,000, too, is no small figure, but it also includes non-Bengalis, who became victims of genocide by Bengali nationalists and their fighting arm, the Mukti Bahini, which included rebel Bengali soldiers.
In this highly emotive subject, there still remains a dearth of objective and factual accounts and analysis on events leading to the secession of former East Pakistan. The collective failure of the Pakistani establishment of those times in recognising the democratic and economic aspiration of Bengalis and the continued denial of their legitimate rights is nothing but a sad saga of myopic, self-serving and self-defeating policies of the successive governments, which culminated in the military defeat and separation of the majority wing of the country.
A latest addition to select reliable books on the 1971 events, which challenges many myths and breaks stereotypes, is the slim 138-page biographical account Escape from Oblivion: The Story of a Pakistani Prisoner of War in India, written by a former Pakistan military officer, Ikram Sehgal, who is now considered one of the country’s leading defence and security analyst and businessman.
Sehgal was handed over to the Indian Border Security Force by the rebel Bengali troops of the Pakistan army in early April 1971 – way before the start of actual war between Pakistan and India in December.
His book, published by the Oxford University Press in English and N S Printers in Urdu, titled Azadi (Freedom), is a gripping account of an army captain who faced torture, beatings and psychological traumas, but managed to successfully escape from the Panagargh camp, becoming the first Pakistani soldier to do so. Sehgal travelled deep inside India-from Calcutta to New Delhi and then to Bhairahawa on the India-Nepal frontier by foot, truck, air and train before returning to the former East Pakistan via Kathmandu and Bangkok. One finds this fast-paced book akin to a thriller novel sprinkled with suspense, adventure and conflict which in the words of Sehgal tested his nerves to the utmost. Yes, sometimes reality can be stranger than fiction. In Sehgal’s case this rings true when one finds him in situations fit only for action and spy thrillers.
Apart from giving the personal account, this book also presents an overview of those troubled times in which friends turned into foes and foes into friends as the Pakistani security establishment made one blunder after another in a conflict in which most odds were already against it.
Being the son of a Bengali mother and a Punjabi father, Sehgal personally felt and suffered the human tragedy unravelling on both sides of the bloody political divide. This made him objective while narrating horrors of the civil war and rebellion in the ranks of Bengali troops of the Pakistan army and recording atrocities committed by both sides.
No wonder, in the opening pages he calls his book “an eulogy for all the men who fought and died on both sides, Pakistan and Bangladesh, for a dream that became a reality and then turned into a nightmare while I languished...in an enemy prison.”
It is the story of civil war told in a subtle manner where the writer has tried not to overstate or understate the cruelties perpetrated by both the rebels and the Pakistan army. “When soldiers make war on women and children, they cease to be soldiers.”
This remains one of the recurring themes of the book in which one meets a wide range of characters, some of whom will intrigue the reader’s mind, from the RAW agent Malhotra, who focused on the minds of his prisoners in an attempt to break or “sow the seeds of deep dissension” among them, to those simple Indian trucker who extended a helping hand to a man in distress as he made his way from Panagarh to Calcutta. In the book, one also meets a jailed Naxalite leader in Agartala, who protected Sehgal from rough inmates, the young US Marine Sgt Frank Adair who sheltered him at the US Consulate and a number of fellow prisoners of war in their dark and sublime moods-all offering a wide diversity of human character caught in this conflict.
The writer manages to highlight the deep Indian involvement in backing the secessionist movement and its role in the breaking up of Pakistan in detail-especially its preparation and setting up of prisoner of war camps months before the start of the war between the two countries.
Indeed, Sehgal’s book is a valuable addition to the scant independent material on the fall of East Pakistan, throwing light on many angles which hitherto have not been recorded in detail with a lacing of interesting anecdotes and some typical military humour.
In a nutshell, the book effectively highlights the point that there can be heroes in a defeated army who manage to abide by the code of conduct of a soldier at the peril of their lives and in a situation beyond their control and of not their making.
The grim realities and challenges of today are certainly different from the ones faced in 1970s, but such writings should prompt serious and meaningful discourse on our historical debacles. The objective should be to learn from history and past mistakes which, despite all our lip-service, we seldom do. Today the spirit of rational and objective debate and discourse remain missing in our national narrative in which emotions rule our mind and hearts and often flawed stereotypes dominate.
The East Pakistan debacle is one of those themes which need constant revisiting, analysis and critical evaluation so that we identify what went wrong in the Pakistan of yesteryear. Sehgal’s book should ignite some debate and discussion on the last days of united Pakistan, which failed to reckon the writing on the wall. But are we reading it?

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